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Swinford Toll Bridge
Swinford Toll Bridge is a privately owned toll bridge across the River Thames in Oxfordshire, England. It crosses the river just above Eynsham Lock, between the village of Eynsham on the west bank and the small settlement of Swinford on the east bank (in Berkshire until 1974). It carries the B4044 road from Oxford to Eynsham, which was the A40 road until the Eynsham bypass was completed in 1936.
== History ==
The bridge, a Georgian structure built of local limestone, was opened in 1769. It replaced a pre-existing ferry and its construction was funded by the Earl of Abingdon.〔Fred. S. Thacker ''The Thames Highway: Volume II Locks and Weirs'' 1920 - republished 1968 David & Charles〕 The bridge is governed by its own Act of Parliament.〔 ''An Act for building a Bridge cross the River Thames, from Swinford, in the County of Berks, to Eynsham, in the County of Oxford'', 7 George III, c. 63. dated 1767 (Ref No HL/PO/PU/1/1767/7G3n22).〕 It allows the bridge owner to collect tolls and makes the building of bridges across the river illegal for three miles either way up or down stream from Swinford. By repute, the owners do not pay tax on the revenue from the tolls as a perquisite from King George III. It is one of the two remaining toll bridges that cross the Thames upstream of London, the other being Whitchurch Bridge.
In 1835 tolls for pedestrians over Swinford bridge were abolished. Pedal cycles and motorcycles are also exempt from tolls. Other classes of traffic remain subject to tolls, which are £0.05 in the case of cars. Despite this small toll there is () a campaign to make it toll-free.〔(''Witney Gazette'', 26 April 2006 )〕 Oxfordshire County Council estimates that 10,000 vehicles cross the bridge every day.〔(Scrap the Toll on Swinford Bridge in Oxfordshire )〕 Toll collection causes significant delays and air pollution. An online poll in 2006 on the ''Witney Gazette'' website showed that 87.5% of voters want the tolls scrapped.
The bridge was put up for sale in 2009〔(Daily Mail retrieved 16 November 2009 )〕〔 〕 and was sold at auction on 3 December for £1.08 million.〔 〕〔(Allsop auction catalogue )〕 A campaign calling for Oxfordshire County Council to buy the bridge〔 〕〔 was unsuccessful.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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